Article by Jean-Marie Codron, Zouhair Bouhsina, Fatiha Fort presented to Conférence Femise 2003, 4-6 December 2003, Marseille
Turkey who has been taking steps to enter the European Union since 1963, is usually now considered in policy discussions in the same package as the candidates from Central/Eastern Europe (such as Romania and Bulgaria) for integration with the European Union; Morocco is ina somewhat similar situation because of the impending free trade arrangement with the Euro- European market; in both cases, these countries had economies that were very strongly controlled (with similarities to the pre-transition economies) and policies, that were suddenly subjected to opening, liberalization, and strong influx of foreign capital in the late 1990s, in the retail sector. The supermarket development is starting to have profound impacts on fruit and vegetable supplychains. This article first describes the rise of the supermarket sector in Turkey and Morocco and discusses the determinants of such an evolution, in particular the late entry of FDI in the retail sector of both countries. It then examines the retailer FFV procurement systems by comparing some key macro-economic determinants of these procurement systems and by proposing a typology based on two main criteria : the level of backward integration by the retailers into the supply chain and the type of retailer-supplier governance structure (market or contract). Full article available here [1]